A technical debate erupted on X after on-chain analyst Willy Woo printed what he known as a “DUMMIES GUIDE TO BEING QUANTUM SAFE,” urging Bitcoin holders emigrate cash away from Taproot addresses (bc1p) to SegWit bc1q or older P2PKH/P2SH codecs and to keep away from spending till post-quantum protections can be found.
How To Make Bitcoin “Quantum-Secure”
“Previously it was about defending your PRIVATE KEY (your seed phrase). Within the age of huge scary quantum computer systems (BSQC) which might be coming, it’s essential defend your PUBLIC KEY additionally. Mainly a BSQC can determine your personal key from a public key. The current day taproot addresses (the most recent format) are NOT secure, these are addresses beginning with “bc1p” they usually embed the general public key into the handle, not good,” Woo wrote on Nov. 11.
His argument hinges on a well-understood distinction in Bitcoin script sorts: Taproot (P2TR) encodes a public key immediately within the output and handle, whereas legacy codecs like P2PKH/P2SH and SegWit P2WPKH hash the general public key and reveal it solely when cash are spent. That architectural distinction issues in a future the place a sufficiently highly effective quantum laptop may derive a non-public key from a revealed public key. Impartial references observe that P2TR certainly carries a public key within the output, whereas P2PKH conceals it till spend time.
Woo’s interim playbook is blunt: transfer UTXOs to bc1q (or “1”/“3”) addresses, proceed receiving to that handle, however “NEVER ship BTC out of it” till Bitcoin ships a quantum-resistant improve—at which level holders ought to transfer throughout low congestion, minimizing the window through which a public secret is uncovered within the mempool: “Ship your BTC into the brand new quantum secure handle when the community is NOT congested, when you ship, you reveal the personal key for a short while. It’s unlikely a BSQC will steal your cash in that brief window.”
He additionally warned that P2PK “Satoshi-era” outputs are most in danger and steered that misplaced cash with prior spending historical past could possibly be weak. “Satoshi’s 1M cash utilizing an historical P2PK handle shall be stolen (except a future softfork freezes them),” he wrote, including that ETFs, treasuries, and alternate chilly storage “might be quantum resistant if the custodians take motion” properly earlier than any comfortable fork.
Woo characterised business expectations as “2030 onwards” for the arrival of “Q-Day,” whereas stressing that requirements for quantum resistance are already rolling out throughout the broader cryptography area.
Former Bitcoin Core maintainer Jonas Schnelli agreed with the hygiene however pushed again on the framing. He known as Woo’s plan a prudent mitigation for unspent cash—“P2PKH offers you years of safety whereas Taproot exposes your pubkey instantly”—but rejected the time period “quantum secure.”
In Schnelli’s view, the second any spend is broadcast, “your pubkey hits the mempool. A quantum attacker may crack your key and RBF double-spend earlier than your transaction confirms (~10 minutes).” He concluded: “It’s a sensible precaution, not a everlasting answer.”
At press time, BTC traded at $104,693.
Featured picture created with DALL.E, chart from TradingView.com
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